Safety criteria calculations for maximum permissible touch and step voltages based on either IEEE Std. 80-2000 or IEC 60479-1.Uniform and two-layer soil modelling from field measurement data. Build grids of any shape using either the grid editor or load custom grids from AutoCAD files. 1.0 (1 vote) 2.2 safegrid. Review Comments Questions & Answers Update program info. Analysis and safety criteria evaluation for any arbitrary buried earthing electrode configurations for any application. Advanced proprietary algorithm based on Maxwell's equations and Method of Moments methodology. Computation of grid.

Hi, I'm a bit fresh at substations gróunding and I have given myself an exercise to perform it for á 1 MVA 11/0.4kV kiosk substation but I need help please: 1. Is definitely there any Free of charge software that can help me with this? A friend of quarry at function uses a decent software in his department (ETA Strength Train station). I has been surprised when he demonstrated me the display screen for the soil resistivity: you designate only the cover, upper coating (and its level) and lower level.

Shouldn'capital t there be a method to proceed on site and make use of a 'Shepperd' stick (straight pole with electric battery and two electrodes) and get dimensions across several points on the web site? And if that is usually completed, what do I perform with all this 'valuable' planet resistance web site survey if a software as powerful as ETAPS will not require it? I recognize that IEEE 80 and the relaxation of the things is more towards 'area substations'/'outdoor switch yards' with sizeable area. What about á 1 MVA kiosk substation? Historically, i think all that can be required was two heavy driven electrodes, one át the HV ánd one at thé LV edges. As i'm attempting to recognize this much better, the mistake degree of this substatión at thé LV side can be around 25kA new. From the formula giving the voltage at a range r away from the eIectrode or thé grid: Vr = lcc.

rho / (2. pi. ur) if the short circuit current Icc by itself is usually 25kA, the Vr will become in the purchase of 3-4 kV, which is definitely way above the appropriate level of a step voltage (should be not more than 100V if the security journeys in 0.1s to my knowing, maybe IEEE 80 enables a little bit even more). Therefore if this calculation is correct, has it long been 'constantly incorrect' to use just a couple of fishing rods, and indeed a grid that addresses and expands beyond the area where individuals might end up being position near the substation?

I hope someone offers a short and quick stage by phase information they would like to discuss. Looking forwards to some instructións:) RE: Earthing level of resistance and computations.

Hello there Marmite, Thanks for your response. I was just reading the various other article where they say the same: nicely two questions: 1. It seems on that post they say IEEE 80 records that only the HV part of the mistake can be to become considered.

I would including to query this a little bit, in the ETA Energy Station record i'michael critiquing, you perform a short outlet calculation on the network, you state which busses to consist of in the mistake, and it will move on to the earthing module the highest kA value, which certainly would be from the LV part of the transformer. Maybe the LV coach should not be chosen in the initial location to become incorporated in the shórt-circuit calculation? lf therefore, ok, session learnt. Regarding the 3-4kV from 400V, ok, allow's consider it's the HV part, if the application has a problem level of 250MVA, then at 11kV primary, the problem level will be 13kA new. Vr = 13 kA. rho / (2. pi.

3 meters) can be still in the 2kV level, significantly higher than an acceptable action voltage, so once again, aren'capital t / haven't every 2 rods only been recently adequate for a kiósk substation? RE: Eárthing opposition and calculations (Electrical) 14 Aug 10 13:08. When a bass speaker passes a distribution system at 13 kV, 25 kV or 35 kV amounts the submission is often a four wire wye scheme with multiple protective earths. In the case of a difficult series to globe or line to natural problem, the mistake present will separate between the globe path and the neutral copnductor.

The subwoofer providing this system will be the location where really high currents and high contact and stage potentials are usually probable. The program to the main of your kiosk may be slight.

Bill - 'Why not the greatest?' Jimmy Carter RE: Earthing resistance and calculations (Electric). Really fascinating waross. In Down under nevertheless it can be 3 cable at the HV part, even if it splits in half each method, 1kSixth is v is nevertheless above appropriate phase voltage. Will be there any frée software to do these calcs? And what about the 'value' of having a good soil resistivity using a vertical probe vs the 4 point method and arriving up with just 1 worth?

Especially if the software will simply consult for the dirt resistivity as 1 value insight and determine the voltage gradiénts from the short circuit current and the grid design. RE: Earthing opposition and computations (Electrical) 14 August 10 14:02. Given your location, you should also think about the relevance of AS2067 as opposed to the formerly utilized IEEE 80. Most utilities appear to be playing catch up with the standard, though as I know it conformity with Seeing that2067 is certainly referenced from AS3000 and therefore all consumer sites require to comply.

IEEE 80 will, nevertheless, give a reasonable indicator of the process. Marmite is right as tó why IEEE80 doesn'capital t consider LV problems for action and touch, though you'll nevertheless require to make sure that the cable connections to the floor grid can handle the prospective LV mistake level. That mentioned, the primary issue that seems in conditions of the difference is usually the technique of calculation of acceptable step and contact potentials.

Surface grid style doesn'capital t show up to become various between the two criteria. Also significant is that While2067 suggests a combined HV / LV earthing program unless suitable segregation between the two systems can become obtained. RE: Earthing opposition and computations. I have got a queries for the professionals here. Imagine the main will be 115 kV Delta and Secondary can be 44 kV with steadily grounded star connection. Three O/H line leave the train station with a terrain underneath the three wires and no neutral. Dont you think in that case if a mistake occurs 1 KM down the series on secondary side, fault current would come back through the ground link and then the grid, the natural link and after that the transformer back to the collection faulted feeding the fault.

In this scenario, we will usually possess to style a grid with supplementary fault in account. My principles are usually rusted for right now so there is a likelihood that I might be lacking something in here.

Thanks a lot RE: Earthing opposition and computations (Electrical). Hello there Marmite, Now I know the answer to questions 1 and 2: no free software and there is no want for a million bore openings on site, a few is enough as the ground resistivity will be the common (or better, the optimum) of the samples. Thanks for the file. I possess checked it, the exceI équations in it are usually appropriate to IEEE 80 however some of the pictures are not really, specifically the picture for the équations of Cs ánd Kilometres, the present pictures display equations that are a bit different. I'm affixing my revised version 2 if you could make sure you have got a appearance?

So for a substatión of 1 MVA, provided at 11kSixth is v primary with 415V supplementary and a problem degree of 250MVA from the electricity, all i could find out from the excel bed sheet is usually that the minimum wire should become 70 sq. For the sleep of it, i tried to put a grid of like 9 metres by 6 metres and a middle conductor with a pole at every intérsection, and i reduced the clearance period of the mistake to 0.2s, i still get extreme touch, step and mesh voltages. Can someone please clarify just this stage? Right now a 1 MVA kiosk substation demands all this earthing and still not sufficiently?

At a period when i believe that there are usually a lot of 1 MVA kiosk substations who have simply 1 electrode in the floor, not also the required 2 at opposing finishes. What'beds taking place?:) If you experienced to earth this substation making use of IEEE 80, how would you perform it?

Regards:). Menards employee site. RE: Earthing resistance and computations (Electric) 15 Aug 10 13:40.

I believe that the higher stage voltages that you are seeing are an issue for the collection nourishing your kiosk ánd the transformer ór sub serving that line. Ground mistake current on the principal aspect will be provided by the resource range and bass speaker, not really by your transformér.

If your program is capable of regenerating now there may end up being some ground fault factor by your transformér but that caIculation will become structured on the capacity of the devices back eating. Bill - 'Why not really the best?' Jimmy Carter RE: Earthing resistance and computations (Electric). Thanks a lot waross, i cónfirm that the 13kA at the major side is usually computed as follows: 250MVA / 11 / sqrt(3) = 13kA and can be irrespective of thé transformer (630kVA, 1MVeterans administration, etc.) and that any feasible regenration (as you pointed out) is not possible in this case. Btw i'meters taking 250MVA but there are some locations where the expert wants 500MVeterans administration which will make issues worse:) So how do we 'properly' planet a basic kiosk substation? Can anyone make sure you return a 'corrected' excel piece? RE: Earthing level of resistance and calculations.

quoteThree O/H line depart the train station with a surface underneath the three wires and no neutral. Dont you believe in that situation if a problem takes place 1 Kilometres down the collection on secondary side, problem present would return through the surface link and after that the grid, the natural connection and after that the transformer back to the collection faulted serving the mistake./wuote By 'terrain underneath' do you indicate a floor cable? If so, this will become the exact same as a multigrounded neutral and will become a route for come back current. Some of the problem present will stream through the world for a line problem and cause phase- and touch-voItages at the substatión. Usually, a problem on the HV aspect of the substation can be a worse problem, nevertheless.

If there will be no iron return, after that there may become action- and touch-voltage issues at the substatión, but there wiIl become a worse problem at the place of the fault unless there is definitely a large ground grid program right now there. You may also have issues finding and tripping for a mistake with no precious metal return route. RE: Earthing resistance and computations.

Three O/H line leave the train station with a surface underneath the three cables and no neutral. Dont you believe in that case if a problem occurs 1 KM down the collection on supplementary side, fault current would come back through the floor connection and then the grid, the natural link and then the transformer back to the range faulted giving the mistake. I believe the over could learn 'Three O/H line leave the train station with an underslung world wire'. Presuming uniform wooden rod spacing and earth resistivity at each pole electrode, could the Garrett method - defined in IEEE 80 Section 15.9 - be utilized to calculate the department of present between the planet and planet wire?

AS3835.2 - 2006 section 5.9.2 shows a basic technique of identifying the impedance of the O/H éarthwire in paraIlel with pole globe electrode resistance. This impédance in paraIlel with the planet grid opposition would after that be utilized to estimate complete earhtfault current 3Io. The present division between O/H earth wire present and current in the world could after that be calculated. I have connected a draw very similar to the O/H line 'equal ladder network' demonstrated in While3835.2 Area 5.9.2. RE: Earthing resistance and computations (Electrical). I've attached Rev 3 of the excel piece where the mistake from the source is 6500A which is 13kA break up in two, nevertheless high action and contact voltages.

Allow's keep it basic please:) I have a kiosk substation, 11/0.415kSixth is v, fault level from the supplier: 250MVA. The size of the substation is certainly 5 back button 3 meters (15 a 10 foot).

It will end up being built on top of a ground with resistivity 100 ohm.michael (sry we utilized the word ground before). Using the IEEE excel page, how do you design the planet gird? Very much valued is someone can appropriate the excel sheet. Many thanks a lot and searching forward to your answer. RE: Earthing resistance and calculations (Electric) 18 Aug 10 08:59. Auslee, Sorry for bouncing in your post.

Thanks a lot for your response Jghrist and EddyWirbelstrom. In Channels those have a Delta supplementary or a suspended star connected secondary causing the place and then a fault takes place down the line, and if there will be no surface return, Series pauses and fingers to a solid wood rod or falls on sandy floor. How present will return back again to Source? Will the circulation back simulate its personal as a zero sequence stream with in Delta winding? My Earlier article, In situation of a surface return accessible through a over head ground cable, which can be bonded to thé mesh at thé train station and when the current will return back during a single collection to surface fault in case of a steadily grounded superstar connected secondary winding departing the train station, Will it still be regarded as as Ig=(l (fault)- I (globe))?

I actually(Earth) should be used for GPR caIculation that measn extremely little potential. Jghrist, It looks like my grounding ideas are messed up once again, I need to proceed back and go through all your posts again. Anyways I would appreciate your word on this. Thanks a lot RE: Earthing level of resistance and computations (Electric) 19 August 10 03:12. If the 11kV is not earthed ( transformer supplementary delta ) after that in the occasion of an earthfaIt on the 11kSixth is v system, only a really reduced capacitive current will circulation in the globe. Many 11kV techniques will end up being earthed ( transformer supplementary star stage earthed - ór zig-zag transformér ).

If the U/H line includes an globe wire ( OHEW ) after that in the occasion of an globe mistake on the 11kSixth is v program, the overall earthfault current ( 3Io ) will split between the éarthgrid and the 0HEW. An rough technique to figure out this break up is demonstrated in Seeing that 3835.2:2005 Area 5.9.2. More accurate strategies are proven in IEEE 80 Annex C. I possess used the SKM Terrain Sleeping pad Ver 2004 to estimate the action and contact voltages for two earthing configuration settings of the 11kV substation. I have believed that the break up factor can be 50%. The total earth fault current supplied from the resource is divided similarly between the éarthgrid and the Oh yeah earthwire.

Construction 1. See attached document Eng-TipsThread238-279051-01.xlsx Two 4.5m lengthy, 8mm DIA electrodes spaced 5.83 metres apart in earth with consistent resistivity of 100 Ohm-m. The overall earthfault current ( 3Io ) from the source of 443A splits similarly between the éarthgrid and the over head earthwire ( OHEW ). The SKM Terrain Mat study results show that touch voltages surpass the 'bearable contact voltage'of 351V. Further earthgrid improvement is required.

Configuration 2. Find attached document Eng-TipsThread238-279051-02.xlsx The earthing grid comprises of a rectangle 5m back button 3m with horizontal globe conductors 1.0m apart. At each corner of the grid is certainly a 4.5m lengthy, 8mm DIA electrode. The overall earthfault current ( 3Io ) from the source of 443A divides similarly between the éarthgrid and the overhead earthwire ( OHEW ). The SKM Terrain Mat study results shows the region where the contact voltages are usually below the 'bearable contact voltage'of 351V w.r.capital t remote earth. The border for thesafe region is defined by the yellow aircraft and contains all the region inside the éarthgrid and a small area outside the grid. All stage voltages are usually below the 'tolerable stage voltage'of 351V.

RE: Earthing resistance and computations (Electrical) 19 August 10 03:16. The information on rows 54 to 91 of the spreadsheet Eng-TipsThread238-279051-01.xlsx is definitely incorrect and should become taken out. Rows 54 to 91 acquired incorrect information on the prospective single stage to planet fault present on the 415V side of the 11 / 0.415kV, 1.0 MVA transformer.

Only the 11kSixth is v program should become regarded when identifying the touch and stage voltages. (For attention rows 54 to 77 of tabs 1Input Information of connected spreadsheet Eng-TipsThréad238-279051-03.xlsx displays computed bolted earthfault ón 415V terminals of 26425A I have got used SKM Ground Pad software to estimate the contact and stage voltages for two earthing constructions of the transformer kiosk presuming: 1. Kiosk occupies an region of 5m x 3m, 2. 11kV system potential short-circuit current is certainly 250 MVA, 3.

Program z1 = z2 = zo, 4. Regular IEEE 80, individual fat 70kg barefeet, fault period 0.2 sec, No Decrement factor used, ground resistivity 100 Ohm-m, No surface area blue-metal, World Electrode L = 4.5m, DIA = 8 mm, equal current runs in planet and OHEW, Level to top of EIectrode /Grid = 0.5m. Calculated total current 3Io for an planet mistake of the 11kSixth is v system at the transformer Kiosk = 443A. Current moving into the ground = 222A The results of both the using configurations are usually proven on the connected spreadsheet. Settings 1. Electrodes at diagonally opposing sides (distance between electrodes 5.83m) Notice tabs prefixed with 1 on attached spreadsheet Eng-TipsThréad238-279051-03.xlsx Settings 2.

Horizontal meshed conductors spacéd 1.0m form a grid with world electrodes at each corner. See tab prefixed with 2 on attached spreadsheet Eng-TipsThréad238-279051-03.xlsx The tab 2More Electrodes shows the impact of adding electrodes to éach intersection of thé side to side conductors at the grid periphery. RE: Earthing opposition and computations (Electrical) 22 August 10 00:04. Calculated overall present 3Iu for an globe problem of the 11kSixth is v system at the transformer Kiosk = 443A.

Present flowing into the terrain = 222AYou supposed that all of the current flowed through the earth when calculating the 443A. 3 x Ibase / ( 3 Rg + Ur1 + L2 + Ro ) You can't then assume that just half moves through the globe. The fifty percent that moves through the floor cable will not be restricted by Rg. How did you figure out that the present split can be 50%? RE: Earthing resistance and calculations (Electrical). Thanks a lot for that. I second jghrist's issue regarding 50% split(?) 2.

As per Eddy'beds calculations (and distressing for the caps) 2 ELECTRODES ONLY ARE NOT An adequate amount of FOR A Basic KIOSK SUBSTATION FED FROM A Regular Resource (250MVA) AT 11kV I feel not asking Eddy't calculations, it'beds just that no issue how you twirl the calculations, you will often obtain that result. I possess seen actually countless kiosk substations approved with just 2 electrodes. Can it become that the concrete plinth >>is definitely. You are usually proper jghrist, I have got adjusted my spreadsheet. If there are usually other return paths for earthfault present - such as over head earth cables (OHEW)- after that 3Io will become calculated making use of grid opposition (Rg) in paraIlel with the 0HEW opposition. I used a 50/50 divide as recommended in Auslee'beds posting of 16 Aug 10 18:30.

I are new to touch and stage voltage calculations. Can anyone suggest a method they make use of to estimate the split of earthfault present (3Io) between the ground and the overhead earthwire of an over head series? My 50/50 present split can be a think just.

The 13kA at 11kSixth is v you point out AusLee can be for a boIted earthfault with nó earth grid level of resistance. If two electrodes are utilized the globe grid level of resistance (Rg) = 13.85 Ohm. Presuming there had been no other parallel path ( like as OHEW) then the overall earthfault current would be 443A. My configuration 2 consists of a mesh of 8mmeters dia conductors át 1.0m spacing with a 4.5m, 8mm DIA electrode at each part. It will not design a concrete plinth - I will check out how to simulate a concrete floor plinth.

For thé grid in Cónfiguarion 2 the Rg = 6.6 Ohm which would result in a overall earthfault current of 897A. If there is certainly an OHEW the total earthfault current would end up being bigger and some of this current would come back to the resource via the OHEW.

Tabs 4Igary the gadget guy=1193A shows a third construction where 4.5m planet electrodes are installed at the intérsection of each globe grid mesh. The earthgrid level of resistance can be 4.84 Ohm ending in a total earthfault current of 1193A flowing just in the earthgrid. Contact and step voltages go beyond the bearable ranges. If the overhead line includes an earthwire ( OHEW ) connected to globe electrode(s i9000) at each pole, then detailed details on the overhead line, planet wire, period, planet electrode information, planet resistivity would end up being required to figure out the current split. Is certainly star stage of the supply transformer steadily earthed? Current break up between floor and earthwire is definitely needed to compute contact and action voltages. I have got utilized SKM's Ground Mat software for the above calculations.

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